Energy Rationing, and Economic Restructuring Neorruralización (a meditation on the Argentine Case)

"Internalizing the environmental variable in the production process." Thus, it says on the description of a budgetary program is running in the 2007 that comes to a close, the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Argentina's federal executive. This consists in Annex of Administrative Decision Analytic Distributive Budget (DADAP), a document that is almost unknown, although in recent years is available on the Web Regardless of their low level of disclosure (a sort of invitation to know), the concept cited , expressed with simplicity, a dense contains significant burden, that reminds us that "the fact is that the very long stretch." ignore the voices without detractors or minimized, we adhere to the views of "climate change" and petrocolapso intimately interrelated and global in scope. It makes us the maxim cited is a suitable starting point, to discern the challenges ahead, and we understand these challenges, involve profound changes to our habitual behaviors, behaviors that surpass make our economic and animal condition of culture. In the choice between solutions from science and technology and involving a cultural change, without overlooking the instrumental nature of appropriate technologies or disruptive, we stand by the complicated and expensive path of cultural field.

We hold that we are facing two megaproblemas, even throw a cloak of doubt on the viability of the human adventure on the planet. We will try to the extent possible to make a few quotes from history or advances that this could happen, because what matters is to share ideas, to see how from the borders of Argentina, the current living generations can make some contribution from their everyday life, to reverse or mitigate the cataclysm we preach. You can not stop being a problem of this magnitude out of the struggle for global primacy and ideological components free. We know how difficult it is to agree and even more people when these people, show political vocation. Moreover, there are those who deny the problem or say it is a sort of invention of certain ideologues. More below or above these differences, characteristic of the human condition-There is increasing recognition at least in some centers tend to influence the determination of the global agenda, that we have to emphasize the measures that has been taking so far. There are circumstances that allow to emphasize the depth perception of what brings us together in this communication.

Days ago we had the good fortune to be invited to a conference on small towns, which took place in a village in the Province of Buenos Aires, in the July 9 game: Patricios. The issue for which we were called were the century of railways in Argentina. Impacted by the premise that we have quoted above, we begin to think aloud, linking the need to internalize the environmental variable into the economy, which commemorated the sesquicentennial. From there it emerged that the background of the century and a half, emerged from the settling of a sustained daily by oil (first coal, then oil). We bring this inference, because the effects of what we are your top, it is important to assume that there is a culture decanted on the abundance of hydrocarbons, to support our daily lifestyles. Behave, suggests that, having to make a sudden change in the inertia, which is internalized not only in our lives but to the generations of our grandparents or choznos. Here we recall that "residue" of the speaker Pareto, which he called " neophobia "(fear of the new). In our approach to the reality of Argentina, indesglosables of planetary events (which for brevity are consulting on the link http://choloar.tripod.com/trabajos.htm), comes to us is extremely useful for exhibition purposes the notion of "range", "spectrum" or "rainbow".

Especially when it has been assumed that the diffuse are the limits on the happenings of the spirit. Of course the allegory of the spectrum has limitations. To start because the everyday is dynamic and the spectrum is only one frame of a reality that if we take the film or television canon gives dynamism to the images, the figure is thirty (30) images per second. But in these days (early December 2007 Gregorian calendar), seem to imply at least in our approach: one of the poles, forming the Group of 8, the World Trade Organization, the UN System agencies and transnational corporations, whose headquarters is becoming less relevant to know where they are, watch the "state of the art" Technologies of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), which are contributing much to it. At the other pole (assuming intermediate positions and changing between them) are persons or groups with varying degrees of intercommunication between them, preach or practice forms of life styles, which are implicitly or explicitly reluctant to paradigms of Western culture and Euro American, somewhat crudely labeled as the "American way of life." Needless to say that the power struggles and ideological controversies around this dynamic seasoned and traumatic events.

A paragraph above made mention of ICTs. It should not be ignored the role these tools play, while a relative remain freely available-for connecting kindred spirits. When you realize that in distant parts of the world there are people with concerns about carbon copies of their own, begin to hypothesize if this has not been really well since who knows how long ago and is now visible. Cultural anthropology and ethnology, in its different aspects, seem to help support these hypotheses. At the time Verne wrote: "All a man can imagine, another can do." As expressed before we could rephrase this thought by saying that "everything a person could imagine, and I imagine other and even has taken or is taking practice." And we do that the more languages ​​one can read, the more it confirms this assumption. But let our "place in the World", which is Argentina, the Buenos Aires metropolitan area on the western side of the Rio de la Plata. Since the Spanish, with their baggage, which included "the language of Cervantes", "the promise of Galilee" and "the law of Rome", put your plants on what would later be called America, the peoples of these lands began to be influenced by the culture of successive hegemonic powers.

And when we say or do culture in the broadest sense of the term. It is striking that is sworn to the study of traumatic cultural encounter between Europeans and the bearer of those who were here "from the source," how are you last have resisted the designs "Westernized". The catalog is broad resistance responses. They are even admitted influences of pre-Columbian cultures to the culture of the conquerors. It also record-and we are aware that complicates the communication, but prefer to risk of reductionism, that the conquerors had deep cracks between them. Of various kinds. And still have in their updates. To the extent that much of the menu of options to shorten the pole that will call G-8, come from the same countries that try to impose the pattern of homogenization of globalization that was already explicit in the Charter of the United Nations, 1945. So our daily lives, in our barium, in our medium and small towns, in our rural counties Argentine host a cultural inertia of different layers, the last of which has been increasingly driven hegemony over energy from hydrocarbons. We start, as in our monograph addressing the synergy generated around 38 million people inhabiting the territory of Argentina.

Worth mentioning that following the recent national elections, was in readiness to vote 27 million people over 18 years. According to the 1991 census, there were 1600 settlements than 600 people, highlighting the? Rea Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, currently around 14 million people. In earlier developments put the emphasis on those around 1440 settlements, the strip of twenty thousand to six hundred inhabitants. Also conjecture, based on the pattern displayed in the splendor of the railway system in at least a thousand human settlement, less than 600 inhabitants. They do not include the scattered rural population. The waters in the work of the Spaniard Ramon Lull (1232-1315), we have become familiar with their combinatorial patterns with colors, letters, and geometric figures, which many see the first glimpses of the computer. Making a free use and in turn limited by our own abilities of the art combinatorial; accuracies begin our approach, considering the sides of a triangle to the three concepts that form the title of this communication. They are: energy rationing, economic restructuring, and neorruralización. Before continuing, broken down into a different shape, it transits to state that our communication by way of outline, as it is used in architecture.

Although today's computing tool that allows totalitarian planning punctilious advances materialize Huxley and Orwell, faith we profess freedom as the essence of the human condition. And no wonder that detailed descriptive memoranda computerized task ended in failure when attempts have ended plantificación that have attempted to move the indicative mood. It follows that what is implied nor is public policy claim. Just trying to communicate this content to people in their circumstances, beginning with his family group, for the public welfare organizations, companies or the constellation of public authorities in framing their stocks may provide answers or ductile replicas flexible and lively, the questions arise already so diverse, complex, contradictory, vague, uncertain and even uncontrollable.

With this digression we can imagine that in three dimensions that formalizes the triangle, begin to differentiate situations that make the triangle into a polyhedron so many sides to begin to assimilate a circle and with the tensions and dynamics generated by this diversity of dimensions the circle has to decenter, and look like an ellipse. We could overcome the two-dimensional and in the third volume would be faced with a ball ... But he hinted previously considered sufficient to capture the complexity of the issue. Platitudinous "power rationing" implies scarcity of energy resources. The term rationing, and impolitic unpleasant connotations, became known in these latitudes in the course of World War II. During the course of the Great War (1914-1918), Argentina, inserted into the international division of labor led by England, was a provider of "fruits of the country" and imports of manufactures from countries participating in the war. They obviously gave priority to its own supply requirements, and demonstrated the vulnerability of Argentina, vulnerability was evident in the functioning of the Army and Navy. Taught by this traumatic experience, they were creating preventive measures. One was the "rationing" of inputs considered strategic.

One consequence of this rationing was the industrialization of the country since the forties. In these times it comes to considering the dimension of "power rationing" indesglosable dimension of the other two macro level that lead to this development. Luckily, we have the exclusivity of awareness of the energy crisis. Although there are matters of emphasis. It should be recognized that although the term is not used rationing, and in response to the awareness of oil depletion, steps are being taken on the matter. As with any important event, these measures can be split between individual, the public welfare agencies, businesses and public authorities. But these measures, which include advice given through the media and communication flowing freely through the Internet, records coexists with figures concerning the manufacture and sale of automobiles, and that is held as a positive building new highways or paved roads. Also coexist in the media measures to ration energy consumption, with sections devoted exclusively to promote the new car models. The special relationship of a significant swath of Argentina's population with cars, is a chapter in the relationship of those vehicles and people in the world called civilized, or in those parts who want to feel part of it.

As there has studied deep psychological implications, as has been evidenced recently by the author Roxana Argentina Kleiman. Mindful that the notion of "most important" in our estimate is less important than "To make your hair thinner shadow on the ground," we make along the rationing of residential energy consumption, the "key vault, "undergoes a rapid exponential decrease fuel consumption by motor vehicles. You should assume relevance in terms of oil consumption, pollution and accident analysis multidimensional, involving eight (8) million vehicles currently circulating in Argentina. To that extent, he added, a figure for 1.75% of gross domestic product, is the cost of car accidents. That decline accelerated exponentially and we have been encouraging, presents constraints very deep cultural, and hints about natural resistance to rationing in other areas and give an idea of ​​the will to address to those changes. At this point, if it arises again be operated by the free market or will require strong and sustained active policies, which is the new rule that gives government intervention.

As for other considerations, we turn to the allegory of the spectrum, range or "rainbow", and here we can put in one of the poles of the range to the highest possible state interference in the other markets of perfect competition, giving u intermediate point for community initiatives, although they have very different ranges, which are framed as "NGOs", sponsored by globalizing schemes, and those traditionally considered "public welfare agencies", in Argentina there are a lot of over a century of history. The extent of the problem we address, has a significant symptom in pregnancy and early implementation of what is known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which arose a few years ago at the World Forum in Davos. It seems that there is room for all positions on these issues. And we find it difficult to establish the limits of each. It must be remembered that as a result of a process that takes more than half a century, nearly all the springs of Argentina's economy are linked to the current globalization. Even unions have escaped this process. From the institutional point of view and in the context of the full functioning of the rule of law, the Argentine parliament has ratified the conventions that facilitate the flow of globalization, reminding that according to the latest constitutional reform of 1994, ratified these treaties take precedence over the laws.

But as Andre Marshall argued in his "System and Economic Structures", 1955, in any economic system there are traces of what was and advances or "prodrome" of things to come. Our investigations have led us to conclude that without giving the idea ideologically Argentina as Consolidated, anthropological or ethnological terms there are several "Argentina" or other words that we are a multiethnic and multicultural urban agglomerations. This allows us to infer that there are different existential geoculture or platforms for action energy rationing. Funny how those sectors that have been excluded from the benefits of assimilation radiated a little caricature of the "American way of life", are at greater capacity and ability to survive in a world where hydrocarbons tend to disappear or have costs that few be covered. Perhaps the example of urban waste processors, better known as "pickers" are creatively neutralizing the fuel crisis with the use of traction animal and human blood. While taking into account that this is a monographic communication, and by way of example only extrapolated to other situations, the way it is done in the Anglo-Saxon moved the label of "best practices", consideration could be made These experiences of cardboard or similar as that of the aborigines who plow with oxen Argentina or moving loads of fire with troops in the highlands, and generate both the business sector, community or state, technological developments that enhance these initiatives from extreme needs, taking into account that the traction animal and human blood, I am part of the range of responses used in Argentina, before the so-called "import substitution model" take to replace that which was apparent sample inefficiency.

Plus the issue remains urgent to minimize the vehicle fleet, starting with the cars. Awareness of the magnitude of the problem, come in the not too distant time, which has to import oil in international market prices. There the government can not fail to set priorities, which at first glance are the industries, farming - livestock, the public transport of people and goods, as well as essential public services. The current supply from hydroelectric and nuclear power will be insufficient, and only sharp lower oil demand and rationing of family consumption, will keep up the production process. The resisted measures "impolitic" because they are public services must be assumed. Political leadership is not known to prohibit such free football night or transmissions of the same at "peak times". More with proper teaching, can contribute to increasing numbers of people aware of the paradigm shift that hang over their stock. Content as of this communication, aspire to do if only a tiny contribution to that purpose. A merely indicative, we believe that invitations to join the business and community, would be high-impact effects proposed here, to be used free spaces available in all air broadcaster or broadcaster, the Federal Broadcasting Committee.

The content could be provided jointly by the Federal Council of Culture and Education and the Federal Environment Council, so that in this way the advice or suggestions or best practices for energy rationing, as further processed reinforcement content in about forty thousand schools that make up the Argentine educational system: Minimizing the consumption of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines, or the use of appliances must be accompanied, as it involves reducing the consumption of raw materials in the process of exhaustion in the development plastics. The plastics have replaced glass containers and paper, and should be used for the manufacture of utensils in the ostensible advantages really. Indesglosabilidad watch the creep or flow of life, we pass seamlessly to another which is the macro level of economic restructuring. At first we had heavy use the notion of "reconversion" dimension if VDUX inclusive, but it occurs to us, even adding complexities to incorporate the remaining stages of economic activity which are, according to classical political economy: the circulation, distribution and consumption. I added some technological variable, and we believe that it is transverse to the four stages of the economy.

He says the technology is a double edged sword. We are supporters of the critical assimilation of appropriate technologies so as so-called "disruptive technologies?. We believe there are many technological developments that may be functional or sustained economic activity sustainable, either through new applications or products, either Through its use for reengineering obsolescent products, but they would gain in efficiency (especially energy) with new materials and technology development. But we should not forget the final recipient of all these desires that are the people who are creative of culture in the broadest sense. It is compatible sustainable development or sustainable for future generations, through "decent work" in a "fair globalization", the latter two concepts are part of it to record the current battery Organization's conceptual International Labour Organization (ILO). And here is where all its implications in the notion of economic restructuring. Such conversion shall not only unemployment but generate should generate additional jobs to the existing job in itself insufficient in terms of the magnitude of the economically active population (EAP). borders on delusional, to preach an economic transformation without trauma, but it is for other desirable that this conversion is as painless as possible.

And here is one of the biggest challenges for which we must prepare the mind. Recent studies conducted by the Ombudsman's Office (under the Argentine federal Congress) on the Matanza River Basin - Stream and Reconquista, show that the substantive industrial system in Argentina is concentrated there with about twelve thousand industries. From there, it generates a significant component of environmental pollution, but paradoxically there is generated a significant portion of the more genuinely productive jobs in the country. It can be assumed that the vast majority of these industries, almost all small and medium-sized firms would not demanding any environmental quality standard, such as ISO 14,000. Interestingly subsidiaries of transnational corporations, are the only ones who can show (following policies established by its parents) that they do minimize pollution. No need to add the unemployment which results in a drastic policy of environmental requirements. A facet of this complex problem is compounded by the fact that many industries should be "converted" to make products that are "friendly" environmentally sustainable and functional diagrams. (Think of the auto parts industry and the services demanded by eight million vehicles in circulation.). In this sense concertation should be generated to perform these conversions, which necessarily involve either restructuring of productive capacity and labor, or While adapting the education system (which is not exactly a model of flexibility in terms of meeting the changing demands for new job profiles) for the new production schemes.

As shown, the task is almost intimidating, but at no other times have been made in streamlining the production and proper organization of the territory, now have to implement in emergency key. It is now unavoidable. And the emphasis without disregarding the global scale of the issue, should be placed in the metropolitan area of ​​Buenos Aires. Now, not so farfetched, to promote their demographic deconcentration (or "polderisation" alternative that we dislike, but not rule) and when back in 1978, Augusto Compare, argued that the Federal Capital should be changed to another place before the melting of Antarctic ice. That which seemed like science fiction today is a consistent hypothesis. The third of the concepts included in the title of this communication is "neorruralización." Since as in the case of the previous two, the limits of it are fuzzy, plastics, and polymorphs, always traveling on the path outline of the monograph. In the U.S. syndicated country as one of the largest generators of carbon dioxide generates global warming, by the intensive use of hydrocarbons that most sites do not come from themselves, there are many initiatives for some time alternatives to mitigate or eliminate the harmful effects of these megaproblemas.

So have relatively recently coined the term "relocalizing" which is very similar to what we call "Neorruralización" since about 1996. At the same, we arrive after a string of developments that were started back in 1990, postulating a return to home economics, home or home, to alleviate or supplement the responses was not productive system of Argentina, on "decent jobs". Based on the human settlement system outlined by the first thirteen Spanish foundations and deployed by the rail network between 1880 and 1914, we understood and we understand that this provision should be respected in qualitative rather modified quantitatively. In short they should operate a migration from the crowded and ecologically vulnerable? Metropolitan area of ​​Buenos Aires to the components of the network of settlements, most of them with underutilized infrastructure or likely to increase or improvement. Both the "Natural Resources Inventory," developed in the 60's by the Federal Council of Investments, such as ecological zoning, developed by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology in the 70's, support proposals for this style. We reiterate that in 1975, postal zoning, which resulted in almost two thousand postcards circuits outside the metropolitan area of ​​Buenos Aires allow new meaning as urban settlements minigrid lot of potential for development of the communities that each of them.

In each circuit postcard framed interaction of people in institutions of public good first degree in elementary and secondary schools and municipalities, has set up networks that have the capacity and ability to generate quality of life both for those who already living in them, as for those who would migrate there from? area at risk (in order not to complicate but do not extend these considerations to other metropolitan areas, although finer and transdisciplinary analysis should not circumvent it ). Not easy for many reasons induce migration. Those that occur are spontaneous and not just in magnitude to the settlements suggested here. Anyway there is an emerging trend of people who saturated the deteriorating quality of life of the area in question, has begun to migrate. According to our findings, the only type of people to migrate presents fewer difficulties would be retirees, pensioners and public employees. Because they already have secured retirement, pensions or wages, and social services. If any of you reading this development, any of the above referred our authorship, perceive that we are saying more or less what we have been saying for a long time.

The novelty is given that what once seemed like a distant prospect, has become a probability close. We note that in our respective existential parables these issues being raised and we understand that developments such as these can be contributors of rationality at the time of having to make decisions that the situation of each and their family and community environments. We have been traveling along the path of the views or impressions. In this way of understanding things that make the community to which we are embedded, we make a lot of analysis, much more aseptic and better formalized than the present, overlook and even undermine the institutional issue. Without prejudice to reiterate that we believe what their own initiative to make people individually, in their businesses or the public welfare organizations that complement their tasks, all of which must be operated within the State right that we enjoy from December 1983. The republican system with quadripartite division of powers, representative political parties with representation of minorities and women's quota and autonomous provincial, municipal and university is the institutional level to process these for other complex problems.

It currently has a set of rules to address this problem, based on Article 41 of the Constitution and developed through the comprehensive national Environmental Law 25,675. The provinces have their own environmental laws since 1990, there is a link between the federal and provincial state through the Federal Environment Council, reinforced by the Federal Environmental Pact of 1993. Returning to the poles of the spectrum listed first, you can be certain the pole that joins the G-8, WTO and the rest of the United Nations system to make its influence felt that the issues that give title to this collaboration done their way. Biased in this world where interdependence and "limited sovereignty" is merely a rhetorical phrase, each one will have to decide according to their respective worldview if assimilated uncritically, prescriptions generated from outside, whether creatively or assimilates decide to resist them. That is in the conscience of each person. We only sketch we have only very crudely, these are priority issues. We meet for social responsibility that is generated by studying these issues and see that no adequate disclosure by "pathetic miserable?, Coexisting with the attitudes of solidarity, which are sometimes become almost miraculous, that many things go on in spite of the many inequities that cross to the Argentine.

Buenos Aires December 3, 2007